Biography
Childhood
Bernsteinside was natural in Lawrence, Massachusetts in 1918 to a Jewish family from Rovno, Russia. His father, Sam Bernstein, was a man of affairs, & ab initio opposed Bernstein's interest around music. Despite this, a older Bernstein oftentimes took Lenny, when his boy was known as, to orchestra concerts. One time, Bernstein heard the piano performance and was immediately captivated; he later on began learning a piano at a immature age. When you took this instance, Bernstein attended Boston Latin School.

College
Fallowing graduation from either Boston Latin School, Bernstein attended Harvard University, where he exposed music by using Walter Piston, and then a Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, where his teacher of conducting was Fritz Reiner. In the period of his instance at Curtis, Bernstein besides exposed piano using Helen Coates and Heinrich Gebhard.

Legacy
He was extremely look on a conductor, composer, pianist, and pedagogue. He is probably better known to the public when long-instance music director of the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, for conducting concerts by many of the globe's leading orchestras, & for writing a music for the musical theater West Side Story. All told, he wrote trio symphonies, two operas, five musicals, and many more pieces. Bernstein's politics were unquestionably left wing, however unlike a bit of of his coeval, he was non blacklisted in the 1950s. In the late 1960s and early 1970s he actively supported groups such as a Black Panthers and publicly opposed the Vietnam War.

Within November 1943, he made his debut as a conductor once Bruno Walter was ill, & was an quick profits. Within 1949, he conducted the world première of the Turangalîla-Symphonie by Olivier Messiaen. Within 1957, he conducted the maiden concert of the Mann Auditorium in Tel Aviv; he subsequently mass produced numerous recordings there. In a period of the 1960s, he became a easily-known figure in the U.s. across his series of "Young People's Concerts" for United states of america public television.

His compositions were heavy influenced by Jewish liturgical music (notably his symphonies One & Three & a Chichester Psalms) and by Gustav Mahler, George Gershwin and his friend Aaron Copland.

In Christmas Day, December 25, 1989, Bernstein conducted Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 as part of a celebration of the fall of the Berlin Wall. A concert was broadcast sleep in extra than twenty countries to an calculated audience of 100 million population. For the occasion, Bernstein reworded Friedrich Schiller's text of Ode to Joy, substituting the word "joy" (Freude) for "freedom" (Freiheit). "I'm sure that Beethoven would have given us his blessing", said Bernstein.

Bernstein was a extremely-regarded conductor among numerous musicians, particularly the members of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, of which he was a regular guest conductor. He was considered especially skillful in the works of Gustav Mahler, Aaron Copland, Johannes Brahms, Dmitri Shostakovich and of course his have. Even so, occasionally humans uncovered his conducting style to become melodramatic, irritating & distracting; he danced & went into fits of exultation when he conducted. Bernstein's home life was marked by pain all over the trade-trade-off between a conductor's glory & the composer's productivity, & a criticism invited by his fiery political activism. It has been alleged that Bernstein as well felt the conflict between his devotion to his personal & his bisexuality, but Arthur Laurents (Bernstein's collaborator in West Side Story), told Charles Kaiser (author of The Gay Metropolis) that Bernstein was only "a gay man who got married. He wasn't conflicted about it at all. He was just gay." A second friend of Bernstein, Shelly Rhoades Perle, told Bernstein's biographer, Meryl Secrest, that she thought "he required men sexually and women emotionally."

Bernstewithin suffered bouts of depression in his late years.

Bernstearound married Felicithe Montealegre, a Chilean actress, in 1951 & by owning her experienced trio kids. Montealegre participated in the performance of Bernstein's third symphony, "Kaddish", with a Just released York Philharmonic in the 1960's, when the speaker (a role originaly performed per Israeli legendary actress Hanna Robina.) Although the caring father, Bernstein was ill-famed in the musical globe for his promiscuousness. A few separated in the mid-1970s once she found that Bernstein got experienced many homosexual relationships. Fallowing a separation sustaining his married woman, Bernstein swallow Tom Cochran, his partner since 1971. He returned to care for his married woman once she became terminally sick.

Samuel Byck, a psychopath who attempted to assassinate President Nixon, had sent details of his project to Bernstein whom he admired two as a human & as a composer.

Leonard Bernstearound is buried in Greenwood Cemetery, Brooklyn, Future York.

Awards and recognitions

Grammy Award for Best Album for Children Grammy Award for Best Orchestral Performance Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording Grammy Award for Best Classical Vocal Performance Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra) Grammy Award for Best Classical Contemporary Composition Grammy Award for Best Classical Album Tony Award for Best Original Score

Principal works with first performance dates
Works for the theater
Fancy Free (ballet), 1944 On the Town (Musical), 1944 Facsimile (ballet), 1946 Peter Pan (songs, incident music), 1950 Trouble in Tahiti (opera in 1 work), 1952 Wonderful Town (musical), 1953 On the Waterfront (film score), 1954 Candide (operetta), 1956 West Side Story (musical), 1957 Mass (theatre piece for singers, players and dancers), 1971 Dybbuk (ballet), 1974 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, 1976 A Quiet Place (opera in both acts), 1983 The Race to Urga (musical), 1987

Orchestral works for the concert hall
Symphony No. 1, Jeremiah, 1944 Fancy Free streaming & 3 Dance Variations from either "Fancy Free,", concert premiere 1946 3 Dance Episodes from either "On the Town," concert premiere 1947 Symphony No. 2, The Age of Anxiety, (after W. H. Auden) for Piano and Orchestra, 1949 Serenade (when Plato's "Symposium") for Solo Violin, Strings, Harp and Percussion, 1954 Prelude, Fugue & Riffs for Solo Clarinet & Jazz Ensemble, 1955 Symphonious Suite from either "On the Waterfront", 1955 Symphonious Dances from either "West Side Story", 1961 Symphony No. 3, Kaddish, for Orchestra, Mixed Chorus, Boys' Choir, Speaker and Soprano Solo, 1963 Dybbuk, Suites No. One & Two for Orchestra, concert premieres 1975 Songfest: The Period of Our contries Verse form for Six Singers & Orchestra, 1977 3 Meditations from either "Mass" for Cello & Orchestra, 1977 Serenade for Orchestra, 1980 Halil, notturno for Solo Flute, Piccolo, Alto Flute, Percussion, Harp & Strings, 1981 Concerto for Orchestra, 1989

Choral music for church or synagogue
Hashkiveinu for Solo Tenor, Mixed Chorus & Organ, 1945 Missa Brevis for Mixed Chorus & Countertenor Solo, by owning Percussion, 1988 Chichester Psalms for Countertenor, Mixed Chorus, Organ, Harp and Percussion, 1965

Chamber music
Sonata for Clarinet & Piano, 1942 Brass Music, 1959 Dance Suite, 1988

Vocal music
We Hate Music: The period of 5 Children Songs for Soprano & Piano, 1943 La Bonne Culinary art: 4 Formula for Voice & Piano, 1948 Arias & Barcarole for Mezzo-Soprano, Baritone & Soft quaternary-mitts, 1988 The Song Album, 1988

Other music
Various Soft pieces more occasional works, written when gifts & other forms of memorial & tribute

Books
Books by Bernstein: Findings. Originally promulgated by Just released York: Simon and Schuster, 1982. Future edition, Future York: Anchor Books, 1993 has ISBN 038542437X. A Infinite Kind of Music. Originally promulgated by Simon and Schuster, 1966. Up to date York: Anchor Books, 1993. ISBN 0385424388. A Joy of Music, originally hundred 1959. Pompton Plains, Just released Jersey: Amadeus Click edition, one hundred 2004, ISBN 1574671049. A Unrequited Wonder. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1976. ISBN 0674920007.

Books astir or even treating by having Bernstein: Gottlieb, Jack, editor. ''Leonard Bernstein's Young Population's Concerts. Printed by Just released York: Anchor Books withwithwithin 1962, reissued by the two in the revised edition in 1992 by having ISBN 0385424353. Burton, Humphrey. Leonard Bernstein''. Doubleday. 1994. Hardback: ISBN 0385423454, Softcover: ISBN 0385423527. (Fantabulous & comprehensive life story of Bernstein)

See related composers
Aaron Copland George Gershwin Charles Ives Dimitris Mitropoulos